Every business unit needs human resource (manpower) for the
conduct of different business activities. In fact, no organisation can exist or
operate efficiently without the support of human resource. Such human resource
includes top level managers, executives, supervisors and other subordinate /
lower level staff / employees. A business organisation has to estimate its
future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development
programmes accordingly. This is called 'staffing' function of management. Human
resource management is also described as personnel management or manpower management.
According to Edwin Flippo, "Personnel Management is the
planning, organising, directing and controlling of the procurement,
development, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the
purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and social goals".
Various areas such as recruitment and selection, wage
payment and industrial relations are covered under human resource management.
Meaning of Human Resource ↓
In an industrial unit, large number of persons are employed
in order to conduct various operations and activities. This is treated as human
resource or manpower employed. A business unit needs material resources as well
as human resource for the conduct of various activities. Of all the
"M"s in management (such as Materials, Machines, Methods and Money)
the most important "M" stands for Men i.e., manpower working in the
organisation. It is through manpower/employees that all other ingredients of an
enterprise-money, machines, materials, marketing, etc., are managed. In brief,
Human Resource (HR) constitutes the most important and the most productive
resource of an industrial / business unit.
It is rightly said that "machines are important in the
production process but the man behind the machines is more important". He
transforms the lifeless factors of production into useful products. Human
resource (HR) is an important asset of a business unit. Well-trained, loyal and
efficient team of workers brings success and stability to a business unit. This
suggests the importance of human resource in business. People and the
organisation in which they work are inter-related and interdependent.
organisation moves towards prosperity only by using its available human
resource purposefully. Similarly, employees get various monetary and other benefits
through the prosperity of their organisation.
Human
Resource Development (HRD) means to develop available manpower through suitable
methods such as training, promotions, transfers and opportunities for career
development. HRD programmes create a team of well-trained, efficient and
capable managers and subordinates. Such team constitutes an important asset of
an enterprise. One organisation is different from another mainly because of the
people (employees) working therein. According to Peter F. Druker, "the
prosperity, if not the survival of any business depends on the performance of
its managers of tomorrow." The human resource should be nurtured and used
for the benefit of the organisation.
Importance
of Human Resource in Management ↓
Human
resource is most important resource in management and needs to be used
efficiently. This is because success, stability and growth of an organisation
depend on its ability in acquiring, utilizing and developing the human
resources for the benefit of the organisation. In the final analysis, it is the
people (i.e employees) who produce promising results and generate a climate
conductive to the growth and development of an organisation. HR is a highly
productive corporate asset and the overall performance of companies and
corporations depends upon the extent to which it is effectively developed and
utilised. It is the most delicate factor of production and need not be treated
merely as a commodity to be bought and used in factories.
According
to Peter Drucker, "The function of management is to manage managers,
workers and work". The importance of manpower in business management is
now universally accepted. Employees have a capacity to grow and develop, if
suitable opportunities are offered. They give positive response to monetary and
non-monetary incentives, training opportunities, favorable work environment and
motivation. According to Pigors and Myers, "Good management means getting
effective results with people". This suggests the importance of human resource.
Human
resource is certainly important even in this age of extensive use of computer
technology. This is because machine cannot be used as a substitute for human
brain which has capacity to think, assess and react. It is correct to say that
man is a power rather than man has a power. Progressive / professional
managements invest huge funds on training and development of human resource and
this suggests the importance of human resource and its contribution in
industrial and economic development. Professionally managed companies in India
such as Larsen and Toubro Ltd, TELCO, Reliance, etc., give special importance
and good attention to HRD.
The
following remark of Shri Dhirubhai Ambani, former chairman of Reliance
Industries Ltd. (made in the 21st AGM held on 3/8/95), is worth noting in this
regard. "Our People : People are assets you can never show on a balance
sheet. Our company has a human resource asset of around 12,500 people; 3,000 of
which constitute scientific and technical manpower. Every year we add over 450
young professionals. These motivated and well-trained people are the backbone
of our business. The team is young in spirit, conscious of its responsibilities
and committed to building world class assets for the country".
Definitions
of Human Resource Planning - HRP ↓
Colemn
has defined human resource planning as "the process of determining
manpower requirements and the means for meeting those requirements in order to
carry an integrated plan at the organisation".
Stainer
defines manpower planning as "strategy for the acquisition, utilisation,
improvement and preservation of an enterprise's human resources. It relates to
establishing job specifications or the quantitative requirements of jobs
determining the number of personnel required and developing resources of
manpower".
Objectives
of Manpower / HR Planning ↓
To
ensure optimum utilisation of human resources currently employed in the
Organisation.
To
determine the future manpower requirements of the Organisation as per the need
for renovations, modernisation, expansion and growth programmes.
To
determine the recruitment level.
To
ensure that necessary human resources are available as and when required.
To
assess future accommodation requirements.
To
design the basis for management development programmes so as to develop the
required talents among the employees selected.
Advantages
/ Importance of HRP ↓
Meeting
manpower needs : Every Organisation needs adequate and properly qualified staff
for the conduct of regular business activities. Imaginative HRP is needed in
order to meet the growing and changing human resource needs of an organisation.
Replacement
of manpower : The existing manpower in an Organisation is affected due to
various reasons such as retirement and removal of employees and labour turnover.
HRP is needed to estimate the shortfall in the manpower requirement and also
for making suitable arrangements for the recruitment and appointment of new
staff.
Meeting
growing manpower needs : The expansion or modernisation programme may be undertaken
by the enterprise. Manpower planning is needed in order to forecast and meet
additional manpower requirement due to expansion and growth needs through
recruitment and suitable training programmes.
Meeting
challenges of technological environment : HRP is helpful in effective use of
technological progress. To meet the challenge of new technology existing
employees need to be retrained and new employees may be recruited.
KOSAKATA MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- conduct= Melakukan
- subordinate=
Bawahan
- manpower = Tenaga kerja
-requirements= persyaratan
-
ensure = Memastikan
-optimum= optimal
-
utilisation=
Pemanfaatan
-
future = Masa depan
-accommodation= akomodasi
-
requirements= Persyaratan
- growth= Pertumbuhan
-
existing= Ada
-
various= Berbagai
- adequate= Memadai
- properly= Benar
-, conscious= Sadar
-responsibilities= tanggung jawab
-
climate= Iklim
-
conductive = Konduktif
-growth= Pertumbuhan
-
corporate= Perusahaan
-
retrained= Dilatih
-
recruited= Direkrut
-
various= Berbagai
